Another important people that lived in the lower Shivaliks during the pre-Arvan times were the Kira ts, whose king, Shambar, fought against the Aryan king, Divodas. Kirats were a well-organized society with a law and order system. They lived in towns and built forts. The first contact of the Aryans with the Himachal areas came about when they crossed Purushni (Ravi) and reached Arjiklya (Beas) in about 3,000 to 2,500 B.C. Here they found themselves face to face with the Kirats whose king ruled in the Lower Shivaliks from his stronghold near Baijnath. The Aryans then were commanded by king Divodas whose chief counselor was Rishi Bharadwaja. The war between Divodas and Shambar lasted forty years, and has been described in the Rig Veda by Vashishtha and Vamdeva. Most of the Divodas—Shambar wars were fought in the hilly areas and resulted in the total defeat of the Kirats and the destruction of all their forts (99) except perhaps one, which was probably retained by the Aryans. Shambar and his ally, Verchi, were killed at a place named Udubraj. It is also stated that the Aryans had to fight other kings named Kiranj, Parnya and Chumri, but they were minor contenders and the Aryans with their better military organization were able to conquer the entire area in the lower Shivaliks. The Aryans did not proceed further in the interior hills of Himachal. Probably the areas were not very hospitable. Moreover by their conquest over the Kirats they had secured the rear for the onward march to the Indo-Gangeticp plains. The conquering Aryan king could also now devote his attention to the other tribes which were unitedly following threatening him from the west beyond Purushni (Ravi). After his victory over the Kirats, Divodas died and his son Sudas succeeded him. Bharadwaja was no more the Purohit of the Bharatas and his place was taken by another illustrious leader of the Aryans, Vashishtha. Ten Aryan chiefs opposed Sudas in what is known in the Rig Veda as the Dashragh, the battle of the ten kings. It was a protracted war like the Kirat conflict, and finally resulted in the complete victory of Sudas. His enemies retreated to the west of Ravi. The fertile plains were now open to Sudas. The Aryan victories over Kirats and other hilly tribes hardly made any lasting impact on the life pattern in the hills. Aryan nomadic life and ways of worship could not influence the hill people with the exception of the sacrificial part of the Yajna that found acceptance as it fitted in with the local customs of the tribals who sacrificed animals at all celebrations. The Aryan conquerors also did not change the laws and customs prevailing here. On the other hand, the Aryans seem to have taken to some of the religious faiths and observances of the hill people. For more information on culture and society in Himachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh tour packages contact Swantour.com
3 Comments
11/11/2018 05:51:07 am
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History Seeker
3/21/2022 11:55:39 pm
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